Pigmentation

The upper layers of the skin contain pigment cells called melanocytes. They produce pigment called melanin that is then distributed evenly throughout the epidermis to give the natural colouration of the skin. In response to trauma, inflammation, sun exposure, hormones and as a result of genetics, pigment can be over-produced and form ‘clumps’ that look like areas of darker discolouration or ‘hyperpigmentation’. There are a number of different types of hyperpigmentation; common types include: freckles, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and sun damage.

Age or otherwise known as “liver” spots are a common form of hyperpigmentation which occur due to sun damage. These are often small, darkened patches which are usually found on the hands, face and abdomen or other areas which are often exposed to the sun.

Melasma is another form of pigmentation and is similar in appearance to age spots this often covers larger areas such as the face and abdomen. The darkened skin that appear is most often a result of hormonal changes. Pregnancy, for example, can trigger overproduction of melanin that causes the “mask of pregnancy” on the face and darkened skin on the abdomen and other areas.